// WSDG Chapter Tools

[[ChapterTools]]

== Tool Reference

[[ChToolsIntro]]

=== Introduction

This chapter will provide you with information about the various tools
needed for Wireshark development. None of the tools mentioned in this
chapter are needed to run Wireshark. They are only needed to build it.

Most of these tools have their roots on UNIX or UNIX-like platforms such
as Linux, but Windows ports are also available. Therefore the tools are
available in different "flavours":

* UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Windows Cygwin: The tools should be
  commonly available on the supported UNIX and UNIX-like platforms and
  for Windows platforms by using an emulation layer such as Cygwin.
* Windows native: Some tools are available as native Windows tools, no
  special emulation is required.  Many of these tools can be installed
  (and updated) using http://chocolatey.org[Chocolatey], a Windows
  package manager similar to the Linux package managers apt-get or yum.

[WARNING]
.Follow the directions
====
Unless you know exactly what you are doing, you should strictly follow the recommendations given in <<ChapterSetup>>.
====

The following sections give a very brief description of
what a particular tool is doing, how it is used in the
Wireshark project and how it can be installed and
tested.

Documentation for these tools is outside the scope of this document. If you need
further information on using a specific tool you should find lots of useful
information on the web, as these tools are commonly used. You can also get help
for the UNIX based tools with `**toolname** --help` or the man page via `man
**toolname**`.

You will find explanations of the tool usage for some of the specific
development tasks in <<ChapterSources>>.

=== Chocolatey

Chocolatey is a Windows package manager that can be used to install (and update)
many of the packages required for Wireshark development. Chocolatey can be
obtained from the http://chocolatey.org[website] or from a Command Prompt:

[source,cmd]
----
C:\>@powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy unrestricted -Command "iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString(_https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1_))" && SET PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin
----

or a Powershell prompt:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\>iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString(_https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1_))
----

Chocolatey sometimes installs packages in unexpected locations. Cygwin is a notable
example -- recent versions of the Cygwin package are installed in _C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\Cygwin\tools\cygwin_ instead of Cygwin’s default location
(_C:\cygwin_ or _C:\cygwin64_).

[[ChToolsCygwin]]

=== Windows: Cygwin

Cygwin provides a lot of UNIX based tools on the Windows platform. It uses a UNIX
emulation layer which might be a bit slower compared to the native Windows tools,
but at an acceptable level. The installation and update is pretty easy and done
through a single utility, _setup-x86.exe_ for 32-bit Windows and
_setup-x86_64.exe_ for 64-bit Windows.

Over time the Wireshark development toolchain has been migrating away from Cygwin
toward native tools and we hope to eliminate it as a requirement someday.

Although Cygwin consists of several separate packages, the installation
and update is done through a single utility, _setup-x86.exe_ or
_setup-x86_64.exe_, which acts similarly to other web based installers.
You can install Cygwin and its packages using Chocolatey, but this is not
recommended due to Chocolatey’s default installation location, described
in the previous section.

==== Installing Cygwin using the Cygwin installer

You will find _setup-x86.exe_, for 32-bit systems, and
_setup-x86_64.exe_, for 64-bit systems, at
http://www.cygwin.com/install.html[]. Click on the link for the
appropriate setup utility to download it. After the download completes,
run it.

All tools will be installed into one base folder. The default is
_C:\cygwin_ for the 32-bit installer and _C:\cygwin64_ for the 64-bit
installer.

The setup utility will ask you for some settings. The defaults
should usually work well, at least initially.

If, at the "Choose A Download Source" page, you use the default "Install
from Internet" setting, you will need to choose a download site at the
"Choose A Download Site" page. See the list of mirror sites at
http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html[] to choose a download site appropriate
to your location.

At the "Select Packages" page, you'll need to select some additional
packages, which are not installed by default.  Navigate to the required
Category/Package row and click on the "Skip" item in the "New" column so
it shows a version number for the required package.

After clicking the Next button several times the setup
will then download and install the selected packages (this may
take a while, depending on the package size).

Under menu:Start[Programs,Cygwin,Cygwin Bash Shell] you should now be able to start
a new Cygwin bash shell, which is similar to the standard Windows Command Prompt
(cmd.exe) but much more powerful.

[[ChToolsCygwinPackages]]

==== Add/Update/Remove Cygwin Packages

If you want to add, update, or remove packages later you can do so by
running the setup utility again.  At the "Select Packages" page, the
entry in the "New" column will control what is done (or not) with the
package.  If a new version of a package is available, the new version
number will be displayed, so it will be automatically updated.  You can
change the current setting by simply clicking at it, it will change
between:

* _A specific version number._ This specific package version will be installed.

* _Skip._ Not installed, no changes.

* _Keep._ Already installed, no changes.

* _Uninstall._ Uninstall this package.

* _Reinstall._ Reinstall this package.

==== Installing Cygwin using Chocolatey

Chocolatey supports Cygwin as an external package source.
To install Cygwin itself run

[source,cmd]
----
PS$>choco install cygwin
# You might also need to install cyg-get:
PS$>choco install cyg-get
----

Chocolatey installs Cygwin in _C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\Cygwin\tools\cygwin_ by default.

One or more Cygwin packages can be installed using `cyg-get`:

[source,cmd]
----
PS$>cyg-get sed asciidoc
----

[[ChToolsCMake]]

=== CMake

Wireshark’s build environment can be configured using CMake on various
UNIX-like platforms, including Linux, macOS, and *BSD, and on Windows.
CMake is designed to support out-of-tree builds - so much so that
in-tree builds do not work properly in all cases.  Along with being
cross-platform, CMake supports many build tools and environments
including traditional make, Ninja, and MSBuild.  Our Buildbot runs
CMake steps on Ubuntu, Win32, Win64, and macOS.  In particular, the
macOS and Windows packages are built using CMake.

Building with CMake typically includes creating a build directory and
specifying a *generator*, aka a build tool. For example, to build
Wireshark using Ninja in the directory _wireshark-ninja_ you might
run the following commands:

[source,sh]
----
# Starting from your Wireshark source directory, create a build directory
# alongside it.
$ cd ..
$ mkdir wireshark-ninja
$ cd wireshark-ninja
# Assumes your source directory is named "wireshark".
$ cmake -G Ninja ../wireshark
$ ninja (or cmake --build .)
----

Using CMake on Windows is described further in <<ChWin32Generate>>.

Along with specifying a generator with the `-G` flag you can set variables
using the `-D` flag. Useful variables and generators include the following:

-DBUILD_wireshark=OFF:: Don't build the Wireshark GUI application.
Each command line utility has its own BUILD_xxx flag as well. For
example, you can use -DBUILD_mmdbresolve=OFF to disable mmdbresolve.

-DENABLE_CAP=OFF:: Disable the POSIX capabilities check

-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug:: Enable debugging symbols

-DCARES_INCLUDE_DIR=/your/custom/cares/include, -DCARES_LIBRARY=/your/custom/cares/lib/libcares.so::
Let you set the path to a locally-compiled version of c-ares. Most
optional libraries have xxx_INCLUDE_DIR and xxx_LIB flags that let you
control their discovery.


-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=c:/Python27/python:: Force the Python path. Useful on Windows since Cygwin’s /usrbin/python is a symlink.

-DENABLE_APPLICATION_BUNDLE=OFF:: Disable building an application bundle (Wireshark.app) on macOS

You can list all build variables (with help) by running `cmake -LH [options]
../<Name_of_WS_source_dir>`. This lists the cache of build variables
after the cmake run. To only view the current cache, add option `-N`.

After running cmake, you can always run `make help` to see a list of all possible make targets.

Note that CMake honors user umask for creating directories as of now. You should set
the umask explicitly before running the `install` target.

CMake links:

The home page of the CMake project: https://cmake.org/

Official documentation: https://cmake.org/documentation/

About CMake in general and why KDE4 uses it: http://lwn.net/Articles/188693/

Introductory tutorial/presentation:
http://ait.web.psi.ch/services/linux/hpc/hpc_user_cookbook/tools/cmake/docs/Cmake_VM_2007.pdf

Introductory article in the Linux Journal:
http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/6700/print

Useful variables: http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Useful_Variables

Frequently Asked Questions: http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_FAQ

// 2017-08-04 dead
//Additional cmake modules: http://code.google.com/p/cmake-modules/

[[ChToolsGNUChain]]

=== GNU compiler toolchain (UNIX and UNIX-like platforms only)

[[ChToolsGCC]]

==== gcc (GNU compiler collection)

The GCC C compiler is available for most of the
UNIX-like platforms.

If GCC isn't already installed or available
as a package for your platform, you can get it at:
http://gcc.gnu.org/[].

After correct installation, typing at the
bash command line prompt:

[source,sh]
----
$ gcc --version
----

should result in something like

----
gcc (Ubuntu 4.9.1-16ubuntu6) 4.9.1
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
----

Your version string may vary, of course.

[[ChToolsGDB]]

==== gdb (GNU project debugger)

GDB is the debugger for the GCC compiler. It is
available for many (if not all) UNIX-like platforms.

If you don't like debugging using the command line
there are some GUI frontends for it available, most notably
GNU DDD.

If gdb isn't already installed or available
as a package for your platform, you can get it at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/gdb.html[].

After correct installation:

[source,sh]
----
$ gdb --version
----

should result in something like:

----
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.8-1ubuntu4) 7.8.0.20141001-cvs
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".
----

Your version string may vary, of course.

[[ChToolsDDD]]


==== ddd (GNU Data Display Debugger)

The GNU Data Display Debugger is a good GUI frontend
for GDB (and a lot of other command line debuggers), so you
have to install GDB first. It is available for many UNIX-like
platforms.

If GNU DDD isn't already installed or
available as a package for your platform, you can get it at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/ddd/[].

[[ChToolsGNUmake]]

==== make (GNU Make)

[NOTE]
.GNU make isn't supported either for Windows

GNU Make is available for most of the UNIX-like
platforms.

If GNU Make isn't already installed or
available as a package for your platform, you can get it at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/make/[].

After correct installation:

[source,sh]
----
$ make --version
----

should result in something like:

----
GNU Make 4.0
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Licence GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
----

Your version string may vary, of course.

==== Ninja

Ninja is an alternative to make, and is available for many of the
UNIX-like platforms.  It runs builds faster than make does.

It is designed to have its build files generated by tools such as CMake;
to generate build files for Ninja, run CMake with the `-G Ninja` flag.

If Ninja isn't already installed, see the list of suggestions for Ninja
packages at:
https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/wiki/Pre-built-Ninja-packages.

If Ninja isn't already installed and isn't
available as a package for your platform, you can get it from:
https://ninja-build.org.  You can download the source code or binaries
for Linux, macOS, and Windows (we have not tested Ninja on Windows).

[[ChToolsMSChain]]

=== Microsoft compiler toolchain (Windows native)

To compile Wireshark on Windows using the Microsoft C/{cpp}
compiler, you'll need:

. C compiler (_cl.exe_)

. Assembler (_ml.exe_ for 32-bit targets and _ml64.exe_ for 64-bit targets)

. Linker (_link.exe_)

. Resource Compiler (_rc.exe_)

. C runtime headers and libraries (e.g. _stdio.h_, _msvcrt.lib_)

. Windows platform headers and libraries (e.g.
_windows.h_, _WSock32.lib_)
+
// Can we drop support for CHM?
. HTML help headers and libraries (_htmlhelp.h_, _htmlhelp.lib_)

==== Official Toolchain Packages And Alternatives

The official Wireshark 2.6.x releases are compiled using Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2017.
The Wireshark 2.4.x releases are compiled using Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2015.
The Wireshark 2.2.x and 2.0.x releases are compiled using Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2013.
The Wireshark 1.12.x and 1.10.x releases were compiled using
Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2010 SP1.
The 1.8 releases were compiled using
Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2010 SP1 as well.
The 1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 releases were compiled using
Microsoft Visual {cpp} 2008 SP1.
Other past releases, including the 1.0 branch,
were compiled using Microsoft Visual {cpp} 6.0.

Using the release compilers is recommended for Wireshark development work.

However, you might already have a different Microsoft {cpp} compiler
installed.  It should be possible to use any of the following with the
considerations listed.  You will need to sign up for a
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/dev-essentials/[Visual Studio Dev
Essentials] account if you don't have a Visual Studio (MSDN)
subscription.  The older versions can be downloaded from
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/older-downloads/[].

.Visual {cpp} 2015 Community Edition

IDE + Debugger?:: Yes

SDK required for 64-bit builds?:: No

CMake Generator: *`Visual Studio 14`*

.Visual {cpp} 2013 Community Edition

IDE + Debugger?:: Yes

SDK required for 64-bit builds?:: No

CMake Generator: *`Visual Studio 12`*

You can use Chocolatey to install Visual Studio, e.g:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\> choco install VisualStudioCommunity2013
----

==== cl.exe (C Compiler)

The following table gives an overview of the possible
Microsoft toolchain variants and their specific C compiler
versions ordered by release date.

|===============
|Compiler Package|cl.exe|_MSC_VER|CRT DLL
|Visual Studio 2015|14.0|1900|msvcr140.dll
|Visual Studio 2013|12.0|1800|msvcr120.dll
|===============

After correct installation of the toolchain, typing
at the Visual Studio Command line prompt (cmd.exe):

[source,cmd]
----
> cl
----

should result in something like:

----
Microsoft (R) C/{cpp} Optimizing Compiler Version 18.00.31101 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

usage: cl [ option... ] filename... [ /link linkoption...
----

However, the version string may vary.

Documentation on the compiler can be found at
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/compiling-a-c-cpp-program?view=vs-2017[Microsoft Docs]

==== link.exe (Linker)

After correct installation, typing at the Visual Studio Command line prompt (cmd.exe):

[source,cmd]
----
> link
----

should result in something like:

----
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 12.00.31101.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

 usage: LINK [options] [files] [@commandfile]
 ...
----

However, the version string may vary.

Documentation on the linker can be found at
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/linking?view=vs-2017[Microsoft Docs]

[[msvc-runtime-redistributable]]

==== C-Runtime "Redistributable" Files

Please note: The following is not legal advice - ask your preferred lawyer
instead. It’s the authors view and this view might be wrong.

Depending on the Microsoft compiler version you use, some binary files coming
from Microsoft might be required to be installed on Windows machine to run
Wireshark. On a developer machine, the compiler setup installs these files so
they are available - but they might not be available on a user machine!

This is especially true for the C runtime DLL (msvcr*.dll), which contains the
implementation of ANSI and alike functions, e.g.: fopen(), malloc(). The DLL is
named like: _msvcr**version**.dll_, an abbreviation for "Microsoft Visual C
Runtime". For Wireshark to work, this DLL must be available on the users
machine.

Starting with MSVC7, it is necessary to ship the C runtime DLL
(_msvcr**version**.dll_) together with the application installer somehow, as that
DLL is possibly not available on the target system.


[NOTE]
.Make sure you're allowed to distribute this file
====
The files to redistribute must be mentioned in the
redist.txt file of the compiler package. Otherwise it
can't be legally redistributed by third parties like
us.
====

The following Microsoft Docs link is recommended for the
interested reader:

* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/ide/redistributing-visual-cpp-files?view=vs-2017[Redistributing Visual C++ Files]

In all cases where _vcredist_x86.exe_ or _vcredist_x64.exe_ is
downloaded it should be downloaded to the directory into which the support
libraries for Wireshark have been downloaded and installed. This directory is
specified by the WIRESHARK_BASE_DIR or WIRESHARK_LIB_DIR environment variables.
It need not, and should not, be run after being downloaded.

===== msvcr120.dll / vcredist_x86.exe / vcredist_x64.exe - Version 12.0 (2013)

There are three redistribution methods that MSDN
mentions for MSVC 2013 (see:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/visual-studio-2013/ms235316(v=vs.120)["Choosing a Deployment Method"]):

. _Using Visual {cpp} Redistributable Package._
The Microsoft libraries are installed by copying
_vcredist_x64.exe_ or
_vcredist_x86.exe_ to the target
machine and executing it on that machine (MSDN recommends
this for applications built with Visual Studio 2013)

. _Using Visual {cpp} Redistributable Merge Modules._
(Loadable modules for building msi installers.
Not suitable for Wireshark’s NSIS based installer)

. _Install a particular Visual {cpp} assembly as a
private assembly for the application._ The
Microsoft libraries are installed by copying the folder
content of _Microsoft.VC120.CRT_ to
the target directory (e.g. _C:\Program Files\Wireshark_)

To save installer size, and to make a portable
version of Wireshark (which must be completely self-contained,
on a medium such as a flash drive, and not require that an
installer be run to install anything on the target machine)
possible, when building 32-bit Wireshark with MSVC2013, method
3 (copying the content of _Microsoft.VC120.CRT_)
is used (this produces the smallest package).

==== Windows (Platform) SDK

The Windows Platform SDK (PSDK) or Windows SDK is a free
(as in beer) download and contains platform specific headers and
libraries (e.g. `windows.h`, `WSock32.lib`, etc.). As new Windows
features evolve in time, updated SDK’s become available that
include new and updated APIs.

When you purchase a commercial Visual Studio or use the Community Edition, it will
include an SDK. The free Express (as in beer) downloadable C compiler
versions (V{cpp} 2012 Express, V{cpp} 2012 Express, etc.) do not
contain an SDK -- you'll need to download a PSDK in order to
have the required C header files and libraries.

Older versions of the SDK should also work. However, the
command to set the environment settings will be different, try
search for SetEnv.* in the SDK directory.

=== Documentation Toolchain

Wireshark’s documentation is split across two directories. The `doc`
directory contains man pages written in Perl’s POD (Plain Old
Documentation) format. The `docbook` directory contains the User’s
Guide, Developer’s Guide, and the release notes, which are written in
Asciidoctor markup.

Our various output formats are generated using the following tools.
Intermediate formats are in _italics_.

Guide HTML:: Asciidoctor → _DocBook XML_ → xsltproc + DocBook XSL
Guide PDF:: Asciidoctor
Guide HTML Help:: Asciidoctor → _DocBook XML_ → xsltproc + DocBook XSL → HHC

Release notes HTML:: Asciidoctor
Release notes text:: Asciidoctor → _HTML_ → html2text.py

==== Asciidoctor

https://asciidoctor.org/[Asciidoctor] comes in several flavors: a Ruby
gem (Asciidoctor), a Java bundle (AsciidoctorJ), and transpiled
JavaScript (Asciidoctor.js). Only the Asciidoctor and AsciidoctorJ
flavors are supported for building the Wireshark documentation and
AsciidoctorJ is recommended.

The guides and release notes were originally written in DocBook (hence
the directory name). They were later converted to AsciiDoc and then
migrated to Asciidoctor.
https://asciidoctor.org/docs/migration/[`compat-mode`] is currently
enabled for the guides, but we are steadily migrating to Asciidoctor’s
modern (>= 1.5.0) syntax.

PDF output requires Asciidoctor PDF. It is included with AsciidoctorJ
but _not_ with Asciidoctor.

==== Xsltproc And DocBook

The single HTML, chunked HTML, and HTML Help guides are generated using
DocBook XSL stylesheets. They in turn require an XSLT processor. We use
`xsltproc`.

==== HTML Help

HTML Help is used to create the User’s and Developer’s Guide in .chm format.
The User’s Guide .chm file is included with the NSIS and WiX installers and
is used as Wireshark's built-in help on Windows.

This compiler is used to generate a .chm file from a bunch of HTML files -- in
our case to generate the User’s and Developer’s Guide in .chm format.

The compiler is only available as the free (as in beer) "HTML Help Workshop"
download. If you want to compile the guides yourself, you need to download and
install this. If you don't install it into the default directory, you may also
have a look at the HHC_DIR setting in the file docbook/Makefile.

The files `htmlhelp.c` and `htmlhelp.lib` are required to
be able to open .chm files from Wireshark and show the
online help. Both files are part of the SDK (standalone (P)SDK or MSVC
since 2002).

[[ChToolsDebugger]]

==== Debugger

Using a good debugger can save you a lot of development time.

The debugger you use must match the C compiler Wireshark was compiled with,
otherwise the debugger will simply fail or you will only see a lot of garbage.

[[ChToolsMSVCDebugger]]

===== Visual Studio integrated debugger

You can use the integrated debugger of Visual Studio if your toolchain includes
it.  Open the solution in your build directory and build and debug as normal
with a Visual Studio solution.

To set the correct paths for Visual Studio when running Wireshark under the
debugger, add the build output directory to the path before opening Visual
Studio from the same command prompt, e.g.

[source,cmd]
----
C:\Development\wsbuild32>set PATH="%PATH%;C:\Development\wsbuild32\run\RelwithDebInfo"
C:\Development\wsbuild32>wireshark.sln
----

for PowerShell use

[source,cmd]
----
PS C:\Development\wsbuild32>$env:PATH += ";$(Convert-Path run\RelWithDebInfo)"
PS C:\Development\wsbuild32>wireshark.sln
----

When Visual Studio has finished loading the solution, set the executable to
be run in the debugger, e.g. Executables\Wireshark, by right clicking it in
the Solution Explorer window and selecting "Set as StartUp Project".  Also
set the Solution Configuration (usually RelWithDebInfo) from the droplist on
the toolbar.

NOTE: Currently Visual Studio regards a command line build as incomplete, so
will report that some items need to be built when starting the debugger.  These
can either be rebuilt or ignored as you wish.


The normal build is an optimised release version so debugging can be a bit
difficult as variables are optimised out into registers and the execution
order of statements can jump around.

If you require a non-optimised version, then build using a debug configuration.

[[ChToolsMSDebuggingTools]]

===== Debugging Tools for Windows

You can also use the Microsoft Debugging Tools for Windows toolkit, which is a
standalone GUI debugger. Although it’s not that comfortable compared to
debugging with the Visual Studio integrated debugger it can be helpful if you
have to debug on a machine where an integrated debugger is not available.

You can get it free of charge from Microsoft in several ways, see the
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/[Debugging tools for Windows] page.

You can also use Chocolatey to install WinDbg:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\> choco install windbg
----

To debug Wireshark using WinDbg, open the built copy of Wireshark using
the File -> Open Executable... menu,
i.e. C:\Development\wsbuild32\run\RelWithDebInfo\Wireshark.exe.  To set a
breakpoint open the required source file using the File -> Open Source File...
menu and then click on the required line and press F9.  To run the program,
press F5.

If you require a non-optimised version, then build using a debug configuration, e.g.
*`msbuild /m /p:Configuration=Debug Wireshark.sln`*. The build products will be found
in C:\Development\wsbuild32\run\Debug\.

[[ChToolsBash]]

=== bash

The bash shell is needed to run several shell scripts.

[[ChToolsGNUBash]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: GNU Bash

The bash shell is available for most of the UNIX-like
platforms and as the bash package from the
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin setup>>.

If bash isn't already installed or
available as a package for your platform, you can get it at
http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html[].

After correct installation, typing at the bash command line prompt:

[source,sh]
----
$ bash --version
----

should result in something like:

----
GNU bash, version 3.1.17(6)-release (i686-pc-cygwin)
Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
----

However, the version string may vary.

[[ChToolsWindowsBash]]

[[ChToolsPython]]

=== Python

http://python.org/[Python] is an interpreted programming language. It is
used to generate some source files, documenation, and other tasks.
Python 2.5 or later (including Python 3) should work fine and Python 3.5 and
2.7 are recommended. If you're building documentation you must have Python
2 installed since AsciiDoc doesn't support Python 3.

Python is either included or available as a package on most UNIX-like platforms.
Windows packages and source are available at http://python.org/download/[].
The Cygwin Python package is *not* recommended since _/usr/bin/python_ is
a symbolic link, which causes confusion outside Cygwin.

You can also use Chocolatey to install Python:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\> choco install Python3
----

or

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\> choco install Python2
----

Chocolatey installs Python into _C:\tools\python3_ or _C:\tools\python2_ by
default. You can verify your Python version by running

[source,sh]
----
$ python --version
----

on UNIX-like platforms and

[source,cmd]
----
rem Official package
C:> cd python35
C:Python35> python --version

rem Chocolatey
C:> cd \tools\python3
C:\tools\python3> python --version
----

on Windows. You should see something like

----
Python 3.5.1
----

Your version string may vary of course.

[[ChToolsPerl]]

=== Perl

Perl is an interpreted programming language. The
homepage of the Perl project is
http://www.perl.com[]. Perl is used to convert
various text files into usable source code. Perl version 5.6
and above should work fine.

[[ChToolsUnixPerl]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: Perl

Perl is available for most of the UNIX-like platforms
and as the perl package from the
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin setup>>.

If perl isn't already installed or available
as a package for your platform, you can get it at
http://www.perl.com/[].

After correct installation, typing at the
bash command line prompt:

[source,sh]
----
$ perl --version
----

should result in something like:

----
This is perl, v5.8.7 built for cygwin-thread-multi-64int
(with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail)

Copyright 1987-2005, Larry Wall

Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.

Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using *`man perl'* or *`perldoc perl'*.  If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.com/, the Perl Home Page.
----

However, the version string may vary.

//[[ChToolsWindowsPerl]]
//
//==== Windows native: Perl
//
//A native Windows Perl package can be obtained from
//http://www.ActiveState.com[Active State] or http://strawberryperl.com/[Strawberry Perl]. The installation
//should be straightforward.
//
//You may also use Chocolatey to install either package:
//
//----
//PS:\> choco install ActivePerl
//----
//
//or
//
//----
//PS:\> choco install StrawberryPerl
//----
//
//After correct installation, typing at the command
//line prompt (cmd.exe):
//
//----
//> perl -v
//----
//
//should result in something like:
//
//----
//This is perl, v5.8.0 built for MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
//(with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail)
//
//Copyright 1987-2002, Larry Wall
//
//Binary build 805 provided by ActiveState Corp. http://www.ActiveState.com
//Built 18:08:02 Feb  4 2003
//...
//----
//
//However, the version string may vary.

// Sed is no longer required.
//[[ChToolsSed]]

[[ChToolsBison]]

=== Bison

Bison is a parser generator used for some of Wireshark’s file format support.

[[ChToolsUnixBison]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: Bison

Bison is available for most UNIX-like platforms and as the bison package from
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin>>. See the next section for native Windows options.

If GNU Bison isn't already installed or available as a package for your
platform you can get it at: http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html[].

After correct installation running the following

[source,sh]
----
$ bison --version
----

should result in something like:

----
bison (GNU Bison) 2.3
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.

Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
----

Your version string may vary.

[[ChToolsWindowsBison]]

==== Windows native: Win flex-bison and bison

A native Windows version of bison is available in the _winflexbison_
https://chocolatey.org/[Chocolatey] package. Note that the executable is named
_win_bison_.

Native packages are available from other sources such as
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bison.htm[GnuWin]. They aren't
officially supported but _should_ work.

[[ChToolsFlex]]

=== Flex

Flex is a lexical analyzer generator used for Wireshark’s display filters, some
file formats, and other features.

[[ChToolsUnixFlex]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: flex

Flex is available for most UNIX-like platforms and as the flex package from
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin>>. See the next section for native Windows options.

If GNU flex isn't already installed or available as a package for your platform
you can get it at http://www.gnu.org/software/flex/[].

After correct installation running the following

[source,sh]
----
$ flex --version
----

should result in something like:

----
flex version 2.5.4
----

Your version string may vary.

[[ChToolsWindowsFlex]]

==== Windows native: Win flex-bison and flex

A native Windows version of flex is available in the _winflexbison_
https://chocolatey.org/[Chocolatey] package. Note that the executable is named
_win_flex_.

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\>choco install winflexbison
----

Native packages are available from other sources such as
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/flex.htm[GnuWin]. They aren't
officially supported but _should_ work.

[[ChToolsGit]]

=== Git client

The Wireshark project uses its own Git repository to keep track of all
the changes done to the source code. Details about the usage of Git in
the Wireshark project can be found in <<ChSrcGitRepository>>.

If you want to work with the source code and are planning to commit your
changes back to the Wireshark community, it is recommended to use a Git
client to get the latest source files. For detailed information about
the different ways to obtain the Wireshark sources, see <<ChSrcObtain>>.

You will find more instructions in <<ChSrcGit>> on how to use the Git
client.

[[ChToolsUnixGit]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: git

Git is available for most of the UNIX-like platforms
and as the Git package from the
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin setup>>

If Git isn't already installed or available as a package for your platform, you
can get it at: http://git-scm.com/[].

After correct installation, typing at the bash command line prompt:

[source,sh]
----
$ git --version
----

should result in something like:

----
git version 2.14.1
----

Your version will likely be different.

[[ChToolsWindowsGit]]

==== Windows native: git

The Git command line tools for Windows can be found at
http://git-scm.com/download/win[] and can also be installed using Chocolatey:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\> choco install git
----

After correct installation, typing at the command
line prompt (cmd.exe):

[source,cmd]
----
> git --version
----

should result in something like:

----
git version 2.16.1.windows.1
----

However, the version string may vary.

[[ChToolsGitPowerShellExtensions]]

=== Git Powershell Extensions (optional)

A useful tool for command line git on Windows is https://github.com/dahlbyk/posh-git[PoshGit].
Poshgit provides git command completion and alters the prompt to indicate the local working
copy status.  You can install it using Chocolatey:

[source,cmd]
----
PS:\>choco install poshgit
----

[[ChToolsGitGUI]]

=== Git GUI client (optional)

Along with the traditional command-line client, several
GUI clients are available for a number of platforms. See
http://git-scm.com/downloads/guis[] for details.

// [[ChToolsUnixGitGUI]]
// XXX Add Gui client section

[[ChToolsPatch]]

=== patch (optional)

The patch utility is used to merge a diff file into your own source tree. This
tool is only needed, if you want to apply a patch (diff file) from someone else
(probably from the developer mailing list) to try out in your own private source
tree.

It most cases you may not need the patch tool installed. Git and Gerrit should
handle patches for you.

You will find more instructions in <<ChSrcPatchApply>>on how to use the patch
tool.

[[ChToolsUnixPatch]]

==== UNIX and UNIX-like platforms, or Cygwin: patch

Patch is available for most of the UNIX-like platforms
and as the patch package from the
<<ChToolsCygwin,Cygwin setup>>.

If GNU patch isn't already installed or
available as a package for your platform, you can get it at
http://www.gnu.org/software/patch/patch.html[].

After correct installation, typing at the
bash command line prompt:

[source,sh]
----
$ patch --version
----

should result in something like:

----
patch 2.5.8
Copyright (C) 1988 Larry Wall
Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This program comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
You may redistribute copies of this program
under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING.

written by Larry Wall and Paul Eggert
----

However, the version string may vary.

[[ChToolsWindowsPatch]]

==== Windows native: patch

The Windows native Git tools provide patch. A native Windows patch package can be obtained from
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/[]. The
installation should be straightforward.

[[ChToolsNSIS]]

=== Windows: NSIS (optional)

The NSIS (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System) is used to generate
_Wireshark-win32-{wireshark-version}.exe_ from all the files
needed to be installed, including all required DLLs, plugins, and supporting
files.

To install it, download the latest released version from
http://nsis.sourceforge.net[]. NSIS v3 is required. You can also install
it using Chocolatey:

[source,cmd]
----
PS$> choco install nsis
----

You can find more instructions on using NSIS in <<ChSrcNSIS>>.

=== Windows: PortableApps (optional)

The PortableApps.com Installer is used to generate
_WiresharkPortable-{wireshark-version}.paf.exe_ from all the files
needed to be installed, including all required DLLs, plugins, and supporting
files.

To install it, do the following:

* Download the latest PortableApps.com Platform release from
  http://portableapps.com/[].

* Install the following applications in the PortableApps.com environment:

** PortableApps.com Installer

** PortableApps.com Launcher

** NSIS Portable (Unicode)

** PortableApps.com AppCompactor

You can find more instructions on using the PortableApps.com Installer in
<<ChSrcPortableApps>>.

// End of WSDG Chapter Tools

// vim: set syntax=asciidoc:
